Declaring quasi co-location among multiple antenna ports

ABSTRACT

Antenna ports on wireless devices may be QCL. QCL antenna ports may be useful in improving channel statistics related to the antenna ports. UEs and base stations may be able to determine candidate QCL ports, transmit information identifying the candidate QCL ports, and receive feedback indicating whether the candidate QCL ports are QCL at the receiving device such as a UE or a base station.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No.

62/378,154, entitled “DECLARING QUASI CO-LOCATION AMONG MULTIPLE ANTENNAPORTS” and filed on Aug. 22, 2016 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 62/378,637, entitled “DECLARING QUASI CO-LOCATION AMONG MULTIPLEANTENNA PORTS” and filed on Aug. 23, 2016, which are expresslyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, andmore particularly, to declaring quasi co-location (QCL) among multipleantenna ports.

Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of suchmultiple-access technologies include code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous codedivision multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standardis Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is a set of enhancements to theUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standardpromulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE isdesigned to support mobile broadband access through improved spectralefficiency, lowered costs, and improved services using OFDMA on thedownlink, SC-FDMA on the uplink, and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) antenna technology. However, as the demand for mobile broadbandaccess continues to increase, there exists a need for furtherimprovements in LTE technology. These improvements may also beapplicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunicationstandards that employ these technologies.

Antenna ports on wireless devices may be quasi co-located. QCL antennaports may be useful in improving channel statistics related to theantenna ports.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Antenna ports on wireless devices may be quasi co-located. QCL antennaports may be useful in improving channel statistics related to theantenna ports.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium,and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configured todetermine a set of antenna ports that are QCL. The determination may bebased on one or more of an angle of arrival at the apparatus, angle ofdeparture from the apparatus, and a beam width for each antenna port ofthe set of antenna ports. The apparatus may be configured to transmitQCL information to a UE indicating that the set of antenna ports aredetermined to be QCL.

In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided.The apparatus may include mean for determining a set of antenna portsthat are QCL. The determination may be based on one or more of an angleof arrival at the apparatus, angle of departure from the apparatus, anda beam width for each antenna port of the set of antenna ports. Theapparatus may include means for transmitting QCL information to a UEindicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL.

In another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided. Thecomputer-readable medium may include computer executable code todetermine a set of antenna ports that are QCL. The determination may bebased on one or more of an angle of arrival at the apparatus, angle ofdeparture from the base station, and a beam width for each antenna portof the set of antenna ports. The computer-readable medium may includecode to transmit QCL information to a UE indicating that the set ofantenna ports are determined to be QCL.

In another aspect of the disclosure a method, a computer-readablemedium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configuredto receive information from a UE indicating that a set of antenna portsat the UE are QCL, to receive signals from the set of antenna portsbased on the received information, and to determine whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, thedetermination may be based on receiving signals from all ports withinthe set of antenna ports using a same receiver beam at the base station.In one configuration, the apparatus may determine that the set ofantennas are QCL by measuring a quality of the received signals from theset of antenna ports. In one aspect, the measuring the quality of thereceived signal may include measuring one or more of a reference signalreceived power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), areference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR),or a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). In anotherconfiguration, the apparatus may be configured to transmit, based on thedetermination, feedback information to the UE indicating whether the setof antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect, a method of wireless communication by a base stationis provided. The method may include receiving information from a UEindicating that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL, receivingsignals from the set of antenna ports based on the received information,and determining whether the set of antenna ports are QCL based on thereceived signals. In an aspect, the determination may be based onreceiving signals from all ports within the set of antenna ports using asame receiver beam at the base station. In one configuration, thedetermining may include measuring a quality of the received signals fromthe set of antenna ports. In an aspect, the measuring the quality of thereceived signal may include measuring one or more of a reference signalreceived power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), areference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR),or a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). In anotherconfiguration, the method may include transmitting, based on thedetermination, feedback information to the UE indicating whether the setof antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect, a base station for wireless communication isprovided. The base station may include means for receiving informationfrom a UE indicating that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL,means for receiving signals from the set of antenna ports based on thereceived information, and means for determining whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, thedetermination may be based on receiving signals from all ports withinthe set of antenna ports using a same receiver beam at the base station.In one configuration, the means for determining may be configured tomeasure a quality of the received signals from the set of antenna ports.In an aspect, the measuring the quality of the received signal mayinclude measuring one or more of a reference signal received power(RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), or a signal tointerference plus noise ratio (SINR). In another configuration, the basestation may include means for transmitting, based on the determination,feedback information to the UE indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL.

In another aspect, a base station for wireless communication isprovided. The base station may include a memory and at least oneprocessor coupled to the memory and configured to receive informationfrom a UE indicating that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL, toreceive signals from the set of antenna ports based on the receivedinformation, and to determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCLbased on the received signals. In an aspect, the determination may bebased on receiving signals from all ports within the set of antennaports using a same receiver beam at the base station. In oneconfiguration, the at least one processor may be configured to determineby measuring a quality of the received signals from the set of antennaports. In an aspect, the at least one processor may be configured tomeasure the quality of the received signal by measuring one or more of areference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signalto noise ratio (SNR), or a signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR). In another configuration, the at least one processor may beconfigured to transmit, based on the determination, feedback informationto the UE indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect, a computer-readable medium of a base station isprovided. The computer-readable medium may include executable code toreceive information from a UE indicating that a set of antenna ports atthe UE are QCL, to receive signals from the set of antenna ports basedon the received information, and to determine whether the set of antennaports are QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, thedetermination may be based on receiving signals from all ports withinthe set of antenna ports using a same receiver beam at the base station.In one configuration, the code to determine that the set of antennas areQCL may include code to measure a quality of the received signals fromthe set of antenna ports. In one aspect, the measuring the quality ofthe received signal may include measuring one or more of a referencesignal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator(RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signal to noiseratio (SNR), or a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Inanother configuration, the computer-readable medium may include code totransmit, based on the determination, feedback information to the UEindicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect of the disclosure a method, a computer-readablemedium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configuredto determine that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL and totransmit QCL information to a base station indicating that the set ofantenna ports are determined to be QCL.

In another aspect, a UE for wireless communication is provided. The UEmay include means for determining that a set of antenna ports at the UEare QCL and means for transmitting QCL information to a base stationindicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL.

In another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided. Thecomputer-readable medium may include computer executable code todetermine that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL and to transmitQCL information to a base station indicating that the set of antennaports are determined to be QCL.

In another aspect of the disclosure a method, a computer-readablemedium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configuredto receive information from a base station indicating that a set ofantenna ports at the base station are QCL, to receive signals from theset of antenna ports, and to determine whether the set of antenna portsare QCL based on the received signals.

In another aspect, a method of wireless communication by a UE isprovided. The method may include receiving information from a basestation indicating that a set of antenna ports at the base station areQCL, receiving signals from the set of antenna ports based on thereceived information, and determining whether the set of antenna portsare QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, the determinationmay be based on receiving signals from all ports within the set of portsusing a same receiver beam at the UE. In another aspect, the determiningmay include measuring a quality of the receiving signals from the set ofantenna ports. In another aspect, the measuring the quality of thesignals may include measuring one or more of a reference signal receivedpower (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a referencesignal received quality (RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), or asignal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). In another aspect, themethod may include transmitting, based on the determination, feedbackinformation to the base station indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL.

In another aspect, a UE for wireless communication is provided. The UEmay include means for receiving information from a base stationindicating that a set of antenna ports at the base station are QCL,means for receiving signals from the set of antenna ports based on thereceived information, and means for determining whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, thedetermination may be based on receiving signals from all ports withinthe set of ports using a same receiver beam at the UE. In anotheraspect, the means for determining may be configured to measure a qualityof the receiving signals from the set of antenna ports. In anotheraspect, the measuring the quality of the signals may include measuringone or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a receivedsignal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality(RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), or a signal to interference plusnoise ratio (SINR). In another aspect, the UE may include means fortransmitting, based on the determination, feedback information to thebase station indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect, a UE for wireless communication is provided. The UEmay include a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memoryand configured to receive information from a base station indicatingthat a set of antenna ports at the base station are QCL, to receivesignals from the set of antenna ports based on the received information,and to determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL based on thereceived signals. In an aspect, the determination may be based onreceiving signals from all ports within the set of ports using a samereceiver beam at the UE. In another aspect, the at least one processormay be configured to determine by measuring a quality of the receivingsignals from the set of antenna ports. In another aspect, the measuringthe quality of the signals may include measuring one or more of areference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a signalto noise ratio (SNR), or a signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR). In another aspect, the at least one processor may be furtherconfigured to transmit, based on the determination, feedback informationto the base station indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another aspect, a computer-readable medium of a UE is provided. Thecomputer-readable medium may include executable code to receiveinformation from a base station indicating that a set of antenna portsat the base station are QCL, to receive signals from the set of antennaports based on the received information, and to determine whether theset of antenna ports are QCL based on the received signals. In anaspect, the determination may be based on receiving signals from allports within the set of ports using a same receiver beam at the UE. Inanother aspect, the code to determine may include code to measure aquality of the receiving signals from the set of antenna ports. Inanother aspect, the code to measure the quality of the signals mayinclude code to measure one or more of a reference signal received power(RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), or a signal tointerference plus noise ratio (SINR). In another aspect, thecomputer-readable medium may further include code to transmit, based onthe determination, feedback information to the base station indicatingwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating LTE examples of a DLframe structure, DL channels within the DL frame structure, an UL framestructure, and UL channels within the UL frame structure, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an evolved Node B (eNB)and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for determining QCL at a base station.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for determining QCL at a UE.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are flowcharts of methods of wireless communication.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts of methods of wireless communication.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementationfor an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” thatincludes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs),central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors,systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gatedlogic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardwareconfigured to perform the various functionality described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system mayexecute software. Software shall be construed broadly to meaninstructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,programs, subprograms, software components, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded asone or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage mediamay be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise arandom-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of theaforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other mediumthat can be used to store computer executable code in the form ofinstructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network 100. The wireless communications system(also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes basestations 102, UEs 104, and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160. The basestations 102 may include macro cells (high power cellular base station)and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). The macro cellsinclude eNBs. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, andmicrocells.

The base stations 102 (collectively referred to as Evolved UniversalMobile

Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E-UTRAN)) interface with the EPC 160 through backhaul links 132 (e.g.,S1 interface). In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 mayperform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data,radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network(RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriberand equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging,positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 maycommunicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160) with eachother over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface). The backhaul links134 may be wired or wireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may havea coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or moremacro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell andmacro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneousnetwork may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which mayprovide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group(CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and theUEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link)transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL)(also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antennatechnology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmitdiversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers.The base stations 102/UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10,15, 20 MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation ofup to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission ineach direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL(e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). Thecomponent carriers may include a primary component carrier and one ormore secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may bereferred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carriermay be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi accesspoint (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 viacommunication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. Whencommunicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152/AP 150may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating inorder to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensedfrequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum,the small cell 102′ may employ LTE and use the same 5 GHz unlicensedfrequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102′,employing LTE in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage toand/or increase capacity of the access network. LTE in an unlicensedspectrum may be referred to as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U), licensed assistedaccess (LAA), or MuLTEfire.

The millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 may operate in mmWfrequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in theelectromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and awavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in theband may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend downto a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The superhigh frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, alsoreferred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW/near mmWradio frequency band has extremely high path loss and a short range. ThemmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 184 with the UE 182 tocompensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, otherMMES 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC)170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be incommunication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connectionmanagement. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferredthrough the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDNGateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation aswell as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 areconnected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include theInternet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS StreamingService (PSS), and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may providefunctions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, maybe used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a publicland mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMStransmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMStraffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast BroadcastSingle Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service,and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and forcollecting eMBMS related charging information.

The base station may also be referred to as a Node B, evolved Node B(eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio basestation, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic serviceset (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), or some other suitableterminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC160 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system,a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearabledevice, or any other similar functioning device. The UE 104 may also bereferred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, amobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobiledevice, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remotedevice, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobileterminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a useragent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 and the eNB102 (and/or the mmW base station 180) may be configured to determine QCLamong different antenna ports (198).

FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a DL frame structurein LTE. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of channelswithin the DL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250illustrating an example of an UL frame structure in LTE. FIG. 2D is adiagram 280 illustrating an example of channels within the UL framestructure in LTE. Other wireless communication technologies may have adifferent frame structure and/or different channels. In LTE, a frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes. Each subframe mayinclude two consecutive time slots. A resource grid may be used torepresent the two time slots, each time slot including one or more timeconcurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs(PRBs)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements(REs). In LTE, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols (for DL,OFDM symbols; for UL, SC-FDMA symbols) in the time domain, for a totalof 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in thetime domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by eachRE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry DL reference (pilot)signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The DL-RS may includecell-specific reference signals (CRS) (also sometimes called common RS),UE-specific reference signals (UE-RS), and channel state informationreference signals (CSI-RS). FIG. 2A illustrates CRS for antenna ports 0,1, 2, and 3 (indicated as R₀, R₁, R₂, and R₃, respectively), UE-RS forantenna port 5 (indicated as R₅), and CSI-RS for antenna port 15(indicated as R). FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various channelswithin a DL subframe of a frame. The physical control format indicatorchannel (PCFICH) is within symbol 0 of slot 0, and carries a controlformat indicator (CFI) that indicates whether the physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) occupies 1, 2, or 3 symbols (FIG. 2B illustratesa PDCCH that occupies 3 symbols). The PDCCH carries downlink controlinformation (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs),each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including fourconsecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A UE may be configured with aUE-specific enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) that also carries DCI. The ePDCCHmay have 2, 4, or 8 RB pairs (FIG. 2B shows two RB pairs, each subsetincluding one RB pair). The physical hybrid automatic repeat request(ARQ) (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) is also within symbol 0 of slot 0and carries the HARQ indicator (HI) that indicates HARQ acknowledgement(ACK)/negative ACK (HACK) feedback based on the physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH). The primary synchronization channel (PSCH) is withinsymbol 6 of slot 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries aprimary synchronization signal (PSS) that is used by a UE to determinesubframe timing and a physical layer identity. The secondarysynchronization channel (SSCH) is within symbol 5 of slot 0 withinsubframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries a secondary synchronizationsignal (SSS) that is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cellidentity group number. Based on the physical layer identity and thephysical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine aphysical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determinethe locations of the aforementioned DL-RS. The physical broadcastchannel (PBCH) is within symbols 0, 1, 2, 3 of slot 1 of subframe 0 of aframe, and carries a master information block (MIB). The MIB provides anumber of RBs in the DL system bandwidth, a PHICH configuration, and asystem frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted throughthe PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry demodulation referencesignals (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the eNB. The UE mayadditionally transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) in the lastsymbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE maytransmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by an eNB forchannel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling onthe UL. FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various channels within an ULsubframe of a frame. A physical random access channel (PRACH) may bewithin one or more subframes within a frame based on the PRACHconfiguration. The PRACH may include six consecutive RB pairs within asubframe. The PRACH allows the UE to perform initial system access andachieve UL synchronization. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)may be located on edges of the UL system bandwidth. The PUCCH carriesuplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channelquality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rankindicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, andmay additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a powerheadroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an eNB 310 in communication with a UE 350in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may beprovided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor 375implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radioresource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet dataconvergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, anda medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of systeminformation (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRCconnection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connectionmodification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology(RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrityprotection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLClayer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packetdata units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs),re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks(TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling informationreporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logicalchannel prioritization.

The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer,may include error detection on the transport channels, forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels,interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels,modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antennaprocessing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signalconstellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binaryphase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier,multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/orfrequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a timedomain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded toproduce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channelestimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme,as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derivedfrom a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted bythe UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a differentantenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX maymodulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream fortransmission.

At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatialprocessing on the information to recover any spatial streams destinedfor the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350,they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbolstream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream fromthe time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbolstream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on eachsubcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated bydetermining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted bythe eNB 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimatescomputed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are thendecoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals thatwere originally transmitted by the eNB 310 on the physical channel. Thedata and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

The controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signalprocessing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DLtransmission by the eNB 310, the controller/processor 359 provides RRClayer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs)acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layerfunctionality associated with header compression/decompression, andsecurity (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrityverification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer ofupper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation,segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC dataPDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionalityassociated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs,scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ,priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the eNB 310 may be used by the TXprocessor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes,and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated bythe TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 viaseparate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RFcarrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the eNB 310 in a manner similar tothat described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350.Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RFcarrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

The controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from thecontroller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 for determining QCL at a base station. Referringto FIG. 4, a base station 402 (e.g., the mmW base station 180) may havemultiple antenna ports, such as antenna ports A, B, C, and D. Each ofthe antenna ports may be associated with a subarray of antennas. Thebase station 402 may have any other number of antenna ports. The basestation 402 may determine whether two or more of the antenna ports arequasi co-located. For example, the base station 402 may determinewhether the antenna ports A and B are quasi co-located.

In one aspect, the base station 402 may determine that the antenna portsA and B are QCL based on the angles of departure from the base station402 and the beam widths associated with each of the antenna ports. Inone example, the antenna port A may have a 30 degree angle of departure,the antenna port B may have a 40 degree of departure, and the beam widthassociated with both ports may be 20 degrees. If the difference betweenthe two angles of departure is less than or equal to the beam width,resulting in significant overlap between the beams, then the basestation 402 may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL. Inthis example, the base station 402 may determine that the antenna portsA and B are QCL because the difference between the angles of departureis 10 degrees, which is less than the 20 degree beam widths. In anotheraspect, the base station 402 may determine that the antenna ports A andB are QCL if the angles of departure are the same, if the differencebetween the angles of departure are less than a threshold, or if thesubarrays associated with the antenna ports are sufficiently close toeach other (e.g., less than a distance threshold apart or adjacent).

The base station 402 may transmit QCL information 406 to a UE 404indicating a set of antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports A and B) believedto be QCL. In an aspect, the QCL information 406 may include identifiers(e.g., port identifiers) associated with the antenna ports A and B. Inanother aspect, the transmission of the QCL information 406 may bebeamformed to the UE 404. In another aspect, the QCL information 406 maybe transmitted via the PDCCH or the PDSCH.

Upon receiving the QCL information 406, the UE 404 may confirm whetherthe UE 404 can receive signals 408 from the set of antenna portsidentified in the QCL information 406 using the same antenna subarrayand/or same beam at the UE 404. The same beam may refer to the receivedbeam at the UE 404 based on an antenna beamforming configuration at theUE 404. Referring to FIG. 4, the signals 408, which may be beamformed,may include a first set of signals from antenna port A and a second setof signals from antenna port B. The UE 404 may be able to differentiatebetween the first set of signals and the second set of signals based ondifferent pilot locations and waveforms, for example. The UE 404 maymeasure a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signalreceived quality (RSRQ), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), asignal to noise ratio (SNR), and/or a signal to interference plus noiseratio (SINR) on the first set of signals and the second set of signals.The RSRP may indicate the average reference signal power received acrossa specified bandwidth (e.g., a number of resource elements). The RSRQmay indicate the quality of the received reference signal as a functionof a number of resource blocks over which an RSSI is measured (e.g.,RSRQ=

${N_{RB}\frac{RSRP}{RSSI}},$

where N_(RB) may correspond to the number of physical resource blocksover which RSSI is measured). If the RSRP and/or RSRQ on both sets ofsignals are above a threshold, then the UE 404 may determine that theset of antenna ports are QCL. Otherwise, the UE 404 may determine thatthe set of antenna ports are not QCL. The UE 404 may transmit QCLfeedback 410 on the set of antenna ports based on the determination. Inan aspect, the QCL feedback 410 may be transmitted via the PUCCH orPUSCH.

If the QCL feedback 410 indicates that the set of antenna ports are QCL,then the base station 402 may determine to use the set of antenna portsfor future communication. For example, the base station 402 may transmitsignals to the UE 404 using the QCL set of antenna ports. Otherwise, ifthe QCL feedback 410 indicates that the set of antenna ports are notQCL, then the base station 402 may attempt to determine if other antennaports at the base station 402 are QCL and attempt to transmit on thoseother antenna ports.

If the UE 404 confirms that the set of antenna ports are QCL, then theUE 404 may use the QCL relationship to determine large scale parameterssuch as the delay spread and the average gain of the antenna port A fromthe antenna port B. In an aspect, when the set of antenna ports are QCL,then the base station 402 may transmit the same information to the UE404 using both of the set of antenna ports. The UE 404 may receiveredundant information from the base station 402 based on the QCL antennaports, and the UE 404 may perform channel estimation based on thereceived signals from the antennas ports. Due to the QCL relationship,the UE 404 may average the signals from the antenna ports or average thechannel estimation results to obtain improved channel estimation. Inanother aspect, the base station 402 may transmit pilot signals via theantenna port A and data in antenna port B (because both the ports areco-located), which may improve throughput and resource utilization.

In an aspect, large scale parameters in LTE like delay spread, averagegain, average delay, etc., may be used to define QCL of antenna ports.For example, signals that have a similar delay spread, average gain,and/or average delay may be more likely to be considered to betransmitted by (or received from) QCL antenna ports. Further, inaddition to the angle of departure, the angle of arrival may also beconsidered when determining whether antenna ports are QCL.

FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 for determining QCL at a UE. Referring to FIG.5, a UE 504 (e.g., the UE 182) may have multiple antenna ports, such asantenna ports A, B, C, and D. Each of the antenna ports may beassociated with a subarray of antennas. The UE 504 may have any othernumber of antenna ports. The UE 504 may determine whether two or more ofthe antenna ports are quasi co-located. For example, antenna ports A andB may be quasi co-located.

In one aspect, the UE 504 may determine that the antenna ports A and Bare QCL based on the angles of departure from the UE 504 and the beamwidths associated with each of the antenna ports. In one example, theantenna port A may have a 30 degree angle of departure, the antenna portB may have a 40 degree of departure, and the beam width associated withboth ports may be 20 degrees. If the difference between the two anglesof departure is less than or equal to the beam width, resulting insignificant overlap between the beams, then the UE 504 may determinethat the antenna ports A and B are QCL. In this example, the UE 504 maydetermine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL because the differencebetween the angles of departure is 10 degrees, which is less than the 20degree beam widths. In another aspect, the UE 504 may determine that theantenna ports A and B are QCL if the angles of departure are the same,if the difference between the angles of departure are less than athreshold, or if the subarrays associated with the antenna ports aresufficiently close to each other (e.g., less than a distance thresholdapart or adjacent).

The UE 504 may transmit QCL information 506 to a base station 502indicating a set of antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports A and B) believedto be QCL. In an aspect, the QCL information 506 may include identifiers(e.g., port identifiers) associated with the antenna ports A and B. Inanother aspect, the transmission of the QCL information 506 may bebeamformed to the base station 402. In another aspect, the QCLinformation 506 may be transmitted via the PUCCH or the PUSCH.

Upon receiving the QCL information 506, the base station 502 may confirmwhether the base station 502 can receive signals 508 from the set ofantenna ports identified in the QCL information 506 using the sameantenna subarray and/or same beam at the base station 502. The same beammay refer to the received beam at the base station 502 based on anantenna beamforming configuration at the base station 502. Referring toFIG. 5, the signals 508, which may be beamformed, may include a firstset of signals from antenna port A and a second set of signals fromantenna port B. The base station 502 may be able to differentiatebetween the first set of signals and the second set of signals based ondifferent pilot locations and waveforms, for example. The base station502 may measure an RSRP, an RSRQ, an RSSI, SNR, and/or SINR on the firstset of signals and the second set of signals. If the RSRP and/or RSRQ onboth sets of signals are above a threshold, then the base station 502may determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL. Otherwise, the basestation 502 may determine that the set of antenna ports are not QCL. Thebase station 502 may transmit QCL feedback 510 on the set of antennaports based on the determination. In an aspect, the QCL feedback 510 maybe transmitted via the PDCCH or PDSCH.

If the QCL feedback 510 indicates that the set of antenna ports are QCL,then the UE 504 may determine to use the set of antenna ports for futurecommunication. For example, the UE 504 may transmit signals to the basestation 502 using the QCL set of antenna ports. Otherwise, if the QCLfeedback 510 indicates that the set of antenna ports are not QCL, thenthe UE 504 may attempt to determine if other antenna ports at the UE 504are QCL and attempt to transmit on those other antenna ports.

If the base station 502 confirms that the set of antenna ports are QCL,then the base station 502 may use the QCL relationship to determinelarge scale parameters such as the delay spread and the average gain ofthe antenna port A from the antenna port B. In an aspect, when the setof antenna ports are QCL, then the UE 504 may transmit the sameinformation to the base station 502 using both of the set of antennaports. The base station 502 may receive redundant information from theUE 504 based on the QCL antenna ports, and the base station 502 mayperform channel estimation based on the received signals from theantennas ports. Due to the QCL relationship, the base station 502 mayaverage the signals from the antenna ports or average the channelestimation results to obtain improved channel estimation. In anotheraspect, the UE 504 may transmit pilot signals via the antenna port A anddata in antenna port B (because both the ports are co-located), whichmay improve throughput and resource utilization.

In addition to determining whether a set of antenna ports are QCL forpurposes of transmission, wireless devices may also determine whetherthe set of antenna ports are QCL for purposes of reception. For example,referring to FIG. 4, the UE 404 may transmit a first set of referencesignals 412 (e.g., sounding reference signals) to the base station 402using the same subarray and/or beam. The base station 402 may receivethe first set of reference signals 412 from the UE 404 using twodifferent antenna ports at the base station 402 (e.g., antenna ports Aand B or some other number of antenna ports). The base station 402 maycompare a first signal received at antenna port A and a second signalreceived at antenna port B, for example, to determine whether the firstand second signals are sufficiently similar. If so, then the basestation 402 may determine that the antenna port A and the antenna port Bare QCL for purposes of reception. Subsequently, the base station 402may transmit a second set of reference signals 414 using the same twoantenna ports A and B. If the UE 404 determines that that the UE 404 isable to receive the second set of reference signals 414 transmitted bythe base station 402 using the same subarray and/or same beam, then theUE 404 may transmit feedback to the base station 402 that the antennaports A and B are QCL. Upon receiving the feedback, the base station 402may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL for purposes oftransmitting signals to the UE 404 and for purposes of receiving signalsfrom the UE 404. The base station 402 may transmit information to the UE404 indicating that transmit and receive antenna ports A and B are QCLfor transmitting signals to and receiving signals from the UE 404. TheQCL reciprocity enables the base station 402 to determine thattransmissions on the downlink and uplink may have similar quality.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are flowcharts 600, 650 of methods of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., thebase station 402 or the base station 502, or the apparatus 802/802′).

Referring to the flow chart 600, at 602, the base station may determinea set of antenna ports that are QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 4,the base station may be the base station 402. The base station 402 maydetermine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL. The base station 402may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL based on one ormore of the angle of arrival at the base station 402, the angle ofdeparture from the base station 402, or the beam widths associated withthe antenna ports A and B. For example, the base station 402 maydetermine the difference between the angle of departures between antennaport A and antenna port B, and if the difference is less at least one ofthe beam widths (or an average of the beam widths), then the basestation 402 may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 604, the base station may transmit QCL information to a UE indicatingthat the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL. For example,referring to FIG. 4, the base station 402 may transmit QCL information406 to the UE 404 indicating that the antenna ports A and B aredetermined to be QCL. In one aspect, the QCL information may betransmitted via the PDCCH or the PDSCH.

At 606, the base station may receive feedback from the UE indicatingwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL. The feedback may be receivedvia the PUCCH or the PUSCH. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the basestation 402 may receive the QCL feedback 410 from the UE 404 indicatingwhether antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 608, the base station may determine that the set of antenna ports areQCL for future communications with the UE based on whether the UEindicates the set of antenna ports are QCL. For example, referring toFIG. 4, the base station 402 may determine that the set of antenna portsA and B are QCL for future communications with the UE 404 based on theindication from the UE 404. For example, if the UE 404 indicates thatthe antenna ports are not QCL, then the base station 402 may determinethat the antenna ports are not QCL for communicating with the UE 404. Bycontrast, if the UE 404 confirms that the antenna ports are QCL, thenthe base station 402 may determine that the set of antenna ports are QCLfor future communications with the UE 404.

At 610, the base station may determine whether other antenna ports areQCL at the base station. The determination may be based on the receivedfeedback from the UE. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the base station402 may determine whether other antenna ports are QCL at the basestation 402. The determination may be based on the QCL feedback 410 fromthe UE 404. If the QCL feedback 410 indicates that the antenna ports Aand B are QCL, then the base station 402 may not determine whether otherantenna ports are QCL at the base station 402. By contrast, if the QCLfeedback 410 indicates that the antenna ports A and B are not QCL, thenthe base station 402 may determine if other antenna ports are QCL. Thebase station 402 may determine if other antenna ports are QCL bydetermining an angle of departure for two or more antenna ports and bycomparing the difference in the angles of departure to the beam widthsof the other antenna ports as discussed previously.

At 612, the base station may receive reference signals from the UE viathe set of antenna ports. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the basestation 402 may receive the first set of reference signals 412 via theantenna ports A and B.

At 614, the base station may determine whether the set of antenna portsare QCL for reception. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the basestation 402 may determine whether antenna ports A and B are QCL forreception. The base station 402 may determine whether antenna ports Aand B are QCL for reception by comparing a first signal received atantenna port A and a second signal received at antenna port B. If thefirst and second signals are sufficiently similar (e.g., similar RSSI),then the base station 402 may determine that the antenna ports A and Bare QCL for reception.

At 616, the base station may transmit information to the UE indicatingthat the set of antenna ports are QCL for transmission and reception.For example, referring to FIG. 4, the base station 402 may transmitinformation to the UE 404 indicating that the antenna ports A and B areQCL for transmission and reception.

Referring to the flow chart 650, at 652, the base station may receiveinformation from a UE indicating that a set of antenna ports at the UEare QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the base station may be thebase station 502, and the UE may be the UE 504. The base station 502 mayreceive the QCL information 506 from the UE 504. The QCL information 506may indicate that antenna ports A and B located at the UE 504 are QCL.

At 654, the base station may receive signals from the set of antennaports. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the base station 502 mayreceive signals 508 from the UE 504 via the antenna ports A and B. Thatis, a first set of signals may be received from the antenna port A andthe second set of signals may be received from antenna port B.

At 656, the base station may determine whether the set of antenna portsare QCL based on the received signals. In one configuration, the basestation may measure a quality of each of the received signals from theantenna ports A and B. The base station may measure one or more of anRSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, SNR, or SINR of each of the signals. For example,referring to FIG. 5, the base station 502 may determine whether the setof antenna ports A and B are QCL by measuring the RSRP and RSSI of thesignals received from antenna ports A and B. If the RSRP and/or RSSI arecomparable (e.g., within a threshold difference), then the base station502 may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 658, the base station may transmit, based on the determination,feedback information to the UE indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the base station 502may transmit the QCL information 506 indicating that the antenna ports Aand B are QCL.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts 700, 750 of methods of wirelesscommunication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 404,the UE 504, or the apparatus 1002/1002′).

Referring to the flow chart 700, at 702, the UE may receive informationfrom a base station indicating that a set of antenna ports at the basestation are QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the UE may be the UE404, and the base station may be the base station 402. The UE 404 mayreceive the QCL feedback 410 indicating that the antenna ports A and Bat the base station 402 are QCL.

At 704, the UE may receive signals from the set of antenna ports. Forexample, referring to FIG. 4, the UE 404 may receive the signals 408from the antenna ports A and B. The UE 404 may receive a first set ofsignals from antenna port A and a second set of signals from antennaport B.

At 706, the UE may determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCLbased on the received signals. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the UE404 may determine whether the antenna ports A and B are QCL based on thesignals 408 received from the base station 402. The UE 404 may determinewhether the set of antenna ports A and B are QCL by measuring the RSSI,RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, and/or SINR of the signals 408, which may include afirst set of signals from antenna port A and a second set of signalsfrom antenna port B. If one or more of the measurements are comparablefor the first set of signals and the second set of signals, then the UE404 may determine that the set of antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 708, the UE may transmit, based on the determination, feedbackinformation to the base station indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 4, the UE 404 maytransmit, based on determination, the QCL feedback 410 indicating thatthe antenna ports A and B are QCL.

Referring to the flow chart 750, at 752, the UE may determine a set ofantenna ports that are QCL. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE maybe the UE 504. The UE 504 may determine that the antenna ports A and Bare QCL. The UE 504 may determine that the antenna ports A and B are QCLbased on one or more of the angle of arrival at the UE 504, the angle ofdeparture from the UE 504, or the beam widths associated with theantenna ports A and B. For example, the UE 504 may determine thedifference between the angle of departures between antenna port A andantenna port B, and if the difference is less at least one of the beamwidths (or an average of the beam widths), then the UE 504 may determinethat the antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 754, the UE may transmit QCL information to a base station indicatingthat the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL. For example,referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504 may transmit QCL information 506 to thebase station 502 indicating that the antenna ports A and B aredetermined to be QCL. In one aspect, the QCL information may betransmitted via the PUCCH or the PUSCH.

At 756, the UE may receive feedback from the base station indicatingwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL. The feedback may be receivedvia the PDCCH or the PDSCH. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504may receive the QCL feedback 510 from the base station 502 indicatingwhether antenna ports A and B are QCL.

At 758, the UE may determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL forfuture communications with the base station based on whether the basestation indicates the set of antenna ports are QCL. For example,referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504 may determine that the set of antennaports A and B are QCL for future communications with the base station502 based on the indication from the base station 502. For example, ifthe base station 502 indicates that the antenna ports are not QCL, thenthe UE 504 may determine that the antenna ports are not QCL forcommunicating with the base station 502. By contrast, if the basestation 502 confirms that the antenna ports are QCL, then the UE 504 maydetermine that the set of antenna ports are QCL for futurecommunications with the base station 502.

At 760, the UE may determine whether other antenna ports are QCL at thebase station. The determination may be based on the received feedbackfrom the base station. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504 maydetermine whether other antenna ports are QCL at the UE 504. Thedetermination may be based on the QCL feedback 510 from the base station502. If the QCL feedback 510 indicates that the antenna ports A and Bare QCL, then the UE 504 may not determine whether other antenna portsare QCL at the UE 504. By contrast, if the QCL feedback 510 indicatesthat the antenna ports A and B are not QCL, then the UE 504 maydetermine if other antenna ports are QCL. The UE 504 may determine ifother antenna ports are QCL by determining an angle of departure for twoor more antenna ports and by comparing the difference in the angles ofdeparture to the beam widths of the other antenna ports as discussedpreviously.

At 762, the UE may receive reference signals from the base station viathe set of antenna ports. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504may receive a first set of reference signals via the antenna ports A andB.

At 764, the UE may determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCLfor reception. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504 maydetermine whether antenna ports A and B are QCL for reception. The UE504 may determine whether antenna ports A and B are QCL for reception bycomparing a first signal received at antenna port A and a second signalreceived at antenna port B. If the first and second signals aresufficiently similar (e.g., similar RSSI), then the UE 504 may determinethat the antenna ports A and B are QCL for reception.

At 716, the UE may transmit information to the base station indicatingthat the set of antenna ports are QCL for transmission and reception.For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 504 may transmit information tothe base station 502 indicating that the antenna ports A and B are QCLfor transmission and reception.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual data flow diagram 800 illustrating the data flowbetween different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 802. Theapparatus may be a base station (e.g., the mmW base station 180). Theapparatus includes a reception component 804, a measuring component 806,a QCL component 808, and a transmission component 810.

In one configuration, the QCL component 808 may be configured todetermine a set of antenna ports that are QCL at the apparatus. Thetransmission component 810 may be configured to transmit QCL informationto a UE indicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to beQCL. In an aspect, the determination may be based on an angle ofdeparture at the apparatus and a beam width for each antenna port of theset of antenna ports. In another aspect, the QCL information may betransmitted via a PDCCH or via a PDSCH. In another embodiment, thereception component 804 may be configured to receive feedback from theUE indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL at the apparatus.The feedback may be received via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. In anotherembodiment, the QCL component 808 may be configured to determine thatthe set of antenna ports are QCL for the future communications with theUE, if the UE indicates the set of antenna ports are QCL In anotherembodiment, the QCL component 808 may be configured to determine whetherother antennas ports are QCL at the apparatus. In another embodiment,the reception component 804 may be configured to receive referencesignals from the UE via the set of antenna ports, and the QCL component808 may be configured to determine whether the set of antenna ports areQCL for reception. In another embodiment, the transmission component 810may be configured to transmit information to the UE indicating that theset of antenna ports are QCL for transmission and reception. In anaspect, at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure maybe used to determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL. In anotheraspect, only the angle of arrival may be used to determine that the setof antenna ports are QCL if receive beamforming is considered. Inanother aspect, only the angle of departure is used to determine thatthe set of antenna ports are QCL if transmit beamforming is considered.In another aspect, the set of antenna ports at the base station aredefined to be QCL. In another aspect, a second set of antenna ports atthe UE are defined to be QCL.

In another configuration, the reception component 804 may be configuredto receive information from a UE indicating that a set of antenna portsat the UE are QCL and to receive signals from the set of antenna ports.In this configuration, the QCL component 808 may be configured todetermine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL based on the receivedsignals. In an aspect, the determination may be based on receivingsignals from all ports within the set of ports using a same receiverbeam at the base station. In an embodiment, the QCL component 808 may beconfigured to determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL bymeasuring a quality of the received signals from the set of antennaports. In an aspect, the QCL component 808 may be configured to measurethe signal quality by measuring the quality of the received signal bymeasuring one or more of a RSRP, a RSSI, a RSRQ, an SNR, or an SINR. Inanother embodiment, the transmission component 810 may be configured totransmit, based on the determination, feedback information to the UEindicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 6A and6B. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 6A and6B may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one ormore of those components. The components may be one or more hardwarecomponents specifically configured to carry out the statedprocesses/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to performthe stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable mediumfor implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 802′ employing a processing system 914.The processing system 914 may be implemented with a bus architecture,represented generally by the bus 924. The bus 924 may include any numberof interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specificapplication of the processing system 914 and the overall designconstraints. The bus 924 links together various circuits including oneor more processors and/or hardware components, represented by theprocessor 904, the components 804, 806, 808, 810 and thecomputer-readable medium/memory 906. The bus 924 may also link variousother circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators,and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, andtherefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 914 may be coupled to a transceiver 910. Thetransceiver 910 is coupled to one or more antennas 920. The transceiver910 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus overa transmission medium. The transceiver 910 receives a signal from theone or more antennas 920, extracts information from the received signal,and provides the extracted information to the processing system 914,specifically the reception component 804. In addition, the transceiver910 receives information from the processing system 914, specificallythe transmission component 810, and based on the received information,generates a signal to be applied to the one or more antennas 920. Theprocessing system 914 includes a processor 904 coupled to acomputer-readable medium/memory 906. The processor 904 is responsiblefor general processing, including the execution of software stored onthe computer-readable medium/memory 906. The software, when executed bythe processor 904, causes the processing system 914 to perform thevarious functions described supra for any particular apparatus. Thecomputer-readable medium/memory 906 may also be used for storing datathat is manipulated by the processor 904 when executing software. Theprocessing system 914 further includes at least one of the components804, 806, 808, 810. The components may be software components running inthe processor 904, resident/stored in the computer readablemedium/memory 906, one or more hardware components coupled to theprocessor 904, or some combination thereof. The processing system 914may be a component of the eNB 310 and may include the memory 376 and/orat least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and thecontroller/processor 375.

In one configuration, the apparatus 802/802′ for wireless communicationincludes means for determining a set of antenna ports that are QCL atthe apparatus. The apparatus may include means for transmitting QCLinformation to a UE indicating that the set of antenna ports aredetermined to be QCL. In an aspect, the determination may be based on anangle of departure at the apparatus and a beam width for each antennaport of the set of antenna ports. In another aspect, the QCL informationmay be transmitted via a PDCCH or via a PDSCH. In another embodiment,the reception component 804 may be configured to receive feedback fromthe UE indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL at theapparatus. The feedback may be received via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. Inanother embodiment, the apparatus may include means for determining thatthe set of antenna ports are QCL for the future or subsequentcommunications with the UE, if the UE indicates the set of antenna portsare QCL. In another embodiment, the apparatus may include means fordetermining whether other antennas ports are QCL at the apparatus. Inanother embodiment, the apparatus may include means for receivingreference signals from the UE via the set of antenna ports, and theapparatus may include means for determining whether the set of antennaports are QCL for reception. In another embodiment, the apparatus mayinclude means for transmitting information to the UE indicating that theset of antenna ports are QCL for transmission and reception. In anaspect, at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure maybe used to determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL. In anotheraspect, only the angle of arrival may be used to determine that the setof antenna ports are QCL if receive beamforming is considered. Inanother aspect, only the angle of departure is used to determine thatthe set of antenna ports are QCL if transmit beamforming is considered.In another aspect, the set of antenna ports at the base station aredefined to be QCL. In another aspect, a second set of antenna ports atthe UE are defined to be QCL.

In another configuration, the apparatus may include means for receivinginformation from a UE indicating that a set of antenna ports at the UEare QCL and to receive signals from the set of antenna ports. In thisconfiguration, the apparatus may include means for determining whetherthe set of antenna ports are QCL based on the received signals. In anaspect, the determination may be based on receiving signals from allports within the set of ports using a same receiver beam at the basestation. In an embodiment, the means for determining whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL may be configured to measure a quality of thereceived signals from the set of antenna ports. In an aspect, the meansfor determining whether the set of antenna ports are QCL may beconfigured to measure the signal quality of the received signal bymeasuring one or more of a RSRP, a RSSI, a RSRQ, an SNR, or an SINR. Inanother embodiment, the apparatus may include means for transmitting,based on the determination, feedback information to the UE indicatingwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL. The aforementioned means maybe one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 802and/or the processing system 914 of the apparatus 802′ configured toperform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As describedsupra, the processing system 914 may include the TX Processor 316, theRX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375. As such, in oneconfiguration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 316, theRX Processor 370, and the controller/processor 375 configured to performthe functions recited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 10 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1000 illustrating the dataflow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus 1002.The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus includes a reception component1004, a measuring component 1006, a QCL component, and a transmissioncomponent 1010.

In one configuration, the reception component 1004 may be configured toreceive information from a base station indicating that a set of antennaports at the base station are QCL. The reception component 1004 may beconfigured to receive signals from the set of antenna ports. The QCLcomponent 1008 may be configured to determine whether the set of antennaports are QCL based on the received signals. In an aspect, thedetermination may be based on receiving signals from all ports withinthe set of ports using a same receiver beam at the apparatus. In anembodiment, the measuring component 1006 and/or the QCL component 1008may be configured to determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCLby measuring a quality of the receiving signals from the set of antennaports. In another embodiment, the measuring component 1006 and/or theQCL component 1008 may be configured to measure the quality of thesignals by measuring one or more of a RSRP, a RSSI, a RSRQ, an SNR, oran SINR. In another embodiment, the transmission component 1010 may beconfigured to transmit, based on the determination, feedback informationto the base station indicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another configuration, the QCL component 1008 may be configured todetermine that a set of antenna ports at the UE are QCL. Thetransmission component 1010 may be configured to transmit QCLinformation to a base station indicating that the set of antenna portsare determined to be QCL. In an aspect, the determination may be basedon an angle of departure at the apparatus and a beam width for eachantenna port of the second set of antenna ports. In another aspect, theQCL information is transmitted via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. In anotherembodiment, the reception component 1004 may be configured to receivefeedback from the base station indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL. The feedback may be received via a PDCCH or via a PDSCH.In another embodiment, the QCL component 1008 may be configured todetermine that the set of antenna ports are QCL for the futurecommunications with the base station based on whether the base stationindicates the set of antenna ports are QCL. In another embodiment, theQCL component 1008 may be configured to determine whether other antennasports are QCL at the apparatus. In another configuration, the receptioncomponent 1004 may be configured to receive reference signals from thebase station via the set of antenna ports. The QCL component 1008 may beconfigured to determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL forreception. In another embodiment, the transmission component 1010 may beconfigured to transmit information to the base station indicating thatthe set of antenna ports are QCL for transmission and reception.

The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of theblocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 7A and7B. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGS. 7A and7B may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one ormore of those components. The components may be one or more hardwarecomponents specifically configured to carry out the statedprocesses/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to performthe stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable mediumfor implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1002′ employing a processing system1114. The processing system 1114 may be implemented with a busarchitecture, represented generally by the bus 1124. The bus 1124 mayinclude any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on thespecific application of the processing system 1114 and the overalldesign constraints. The bus 1124 links together various circuitsincluding one or more processors and/or hardware components, representedby the processor 1104, the components 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010 and thecomputer-readable medium/memory 1106. The bus 1124 may also link variousother circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators,and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, andtherefore, will not be described any further.

The processing system 1114 may be coupled to a transceiver 1110. Thetransceiver 1110 is coupled to one or more antennas 1120. Thetransceiver 1110 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatus over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1110 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1120, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1114, specifically the reception component 1004. Inaddition, the transceiver 1110 receives information from the processingsystem 1114, specifically the transmission component 1010, and based onthe received information, generates a signal to be applied to the one ormore antennas 1120. The processing system 1114 includes a processor 1104coupled to a computer-readable medium/memory 1106. The processor 1104 isresponsible for general processing, including the execution of softwarestored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1106. The software, whenexecuted by the processor 1104, causes the processing system 1114 toperform the various functions described supra for any particularapparatus. The computer-readable medium/memory 1106 may also be used forstoring data that is manipulated by the processor 1104 when executingsoftware. The processing system 1114 further includes at least one ofthe components 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010. The components may be softwarecomponents running in the processor 1104, resident/stored in thecomputer readable medium/memory 1106, one or more hardware componentscoupled to the processor 1104, or some combination thereof. Theprocessing system 1114 may be a component of the UE 350 and may includethe memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RXprocessor 356, and the controller/processor 359.

In one configuration, the apparatus 1002/1002′ for wirelesscommunication includes means for receiving information from a basestation indicating that a set of antenna ports at the base station areQCL. The apparatus may include means for receiving signals from the setof antenna ports. The apparatus may include means for determiningwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL based on the received signals.In an aspect, the determination may be based on receiving signals fromall ports within the set of ports using a same receiver beam at theapparatus. In an embodiment, the means for determining whether the setof antenna ports are QCL may be configured to measure a quality of thereceiving signals from the set of antenna ports. In another embodiment,the means for determining whether the set of antenna ports are QCL maybe configured to measure the quality of the signals by measuring one ormore of a RSRP, a RSSI, a RSRQ, an SNR, or an SINR. In anotherembodiment, the apparatus may include means for transmitting, based onthe determination, feedback information to the base station indicatingwhether the set of antenna ports are QCL.

In another configuration, the apparatus may include means fordetermining that a set of antenna ports at the apparatus are QCL. Theapparatus may include means for transmitting QCL information to a basestation indicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to beQCL. In an aspect, the determination may be based on an angle ofdeparture at the apparatus and a beam width for each antenna port of thesecond set of antenna ports. In another aspect, the QCL information istransmitted via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. In another embodiment, the apparatusmay include means for receiving feedback from the base stationindicating whether the set of antenna ports are QCL. The feedback may bereceived via a PDCCH or via a PDSCH. In another embodiment, theapparatus may include means for determining that the set of antennaports are QCL for the future or subsequent communications with the basestation based on whether the base station indicates the set of antennaports are QCL. In another embodiment, the apparatus may include meansfor determining whether other antennas ports are QCL at the apparatus.In another configuration, the apparatus may include means for receivingreference signals from the base station via the set of antenna ports.The apparatus may include means for determining whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL for reception. In another embodiment, theapparatus may include means for transmitting information to the basestation indicating that the set of antenna ports are QCL fortransmission and reception. The aforementioned means may be one or moreof the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1002 and/or theprocessing system 1114 of the apparatus 1002′ configured to perform thefunctions recited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, theprocessing system 1114 may include the TX Processor 368, the RXProcessor 356, and the controller/processor 359. As such, in oneconfiguration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 368, theRX Processor 356, and the controller/processor 359 configured to performthe functions recited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in theprocesses/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplaryapproaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that thespecific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may berearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used hereinto mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspectdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least oneof A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or anycombination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and mayinclude multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically,combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, Aand B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinationsmay contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structuraland functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” andthe like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claimelement is to be construed as a means plus function unless the elementis expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication by a basestation, comprising: determining a set of antenna ports that are quasico-located (QCL), wherein the determination is based on one or more ofan angle of arrival at the base station, angle of departure from thebase station, and a beam width for each antenna port of the set ofantenna ports; and transmitting QCL information to a user equipment (UE)indicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the QCL information is transmitted via aphysical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or via a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH).
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprisingreceiving feedback from the UE indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL, wherein the feedback is received via a physical uplinkcontrol channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 4.The method of claim 3, further comprising determining that the set ofantenna ports are QCL for the future communications with the UE based onwhether the UE indicates the set of antenna ports are QCL.
 5. The methodof claim 3, further comprising determining whether other antenna portsare QCL at the base station.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving reference signals from the UE via the set ofantenna ports; and determining whether the set of antenna ports are QCLfor reception based on the received reference signals.
 7. The method ofclaim 6, further comprising transmitting information to the UEindicating that the set of antenna ports are QCL for transmission andreception.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of an angle ofarrival or an angle of departure are used to determine that the set ofantenna ports are QCL.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein only the angleof arrival is used to determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL ifreceive beamforming is considered.
 10. The method of claim 8, whereinonly the angle of departure is used to determine that the set of antennaports are QCL if transmit beamforming is considered.
 11. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the set of antenna ports at the base station aredefined to be QCL.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a second set ofantenna ports at the UE are defined to be QCL.
 13. A method of wirelesscommunication by a UE, comprising: determining that a set of antennaports at the UE are quasi co-located (QCL), wherein the determination isbased on one or more of an angle of arrival at the UE, angle ofdeparture from the UE, and a beam width for each antenna port of the setof antenna ports; and transmitting QCL information to a base stationindicating that the set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL. 14.The method of claim 13, wherein the QCL information is transmitted via aphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH).
 15. The method of claim 13, further comprisingreceiving feedback from the base station indicating whether the set ofantenna ports are QCL, wherein the feedback is received via a physicaldownlink control channel (PDCCH) or via a physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH).
 16. The method of claim 13, further comprisingdetermining the set of antenna ports are QCL for the futurecommunications with the base station based on whether the base stationindicates the set of antenna ports are QCL.
 17. The method of claim 16,further comprising determining whether other antennas ports are QCL atthe UE.
 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising: receivingreference signals from the base station via the set of antenna ports;and determining whether the set of antenna ports are QCL for receptionbased on the received reference signals.
 19. The method of claim 18,further comprising transmitting information to the base stationindicating that the set of antenna ports are QCL for transmission andreception.
 20. A base station for wireless communication, comprising: amemory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configuredto: determine a set of antenna ports that are quasi co-located (QCL),wherein the determination is based on one or more of an angle of arrivalat the base station, angle of departure from the base station, and abeam width for each antenna port of the set of antenna ports; andtransmit QCL information to a user equipment (UE) indicating that theset of antenna ports are determined to be QCL.
 21. The base station ofclaim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured toreceive feedback from the UE indicating whether the set of antenna portsare QCL, wherein the feedback is received via a physical uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
 22. Thebase station of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to determine that the set of antenna ports are QCL for thefuture communications with the UE based on whether the UE indicates theset of antenna ports are QCL.
 23. The base station of claim 21, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to determine whetherother antenna ports are QCL at the base station.
 24. The base station ofclaim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:receive reference signals from the UE via the set of antenna ports; anddetermine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL for reception basedon the received reference signals.
 25. The base station of claim 24,wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmitinformation to the UE indicating that the set of antenna ports are QCLfor transmission and reception.
 26. A user equipment (UE) for wirelesscommunication, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupledto the memory and configured to: determine that a set of antenna portsat the UE are quasi co-located (QCL), wherein the determination is basedon one or more of an angle of arrival at the UE, angle of departure fromthe UE, and a beam width for each antenna port of the set of antennaports; and transmit QCL information to a base station indicating thatthe set of antenna ports are determined to be QCL.
 27. The UE of claim26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receivefeedback from the base station indicating whether the set of antennaports are QCL, wherein the feedback is received via a physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) or via a physical downlink shared channel(PDSCH).
 28. The UE of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to determine the set of antenna ports are QCL for thefuture communications with the base station based on whether the basestation indicates the set of antenna ports are QCL.
 29. The UE of claim26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receivereference signals from the base station via the set of antenna ports;and determine whether the set of antenna ports are QCL for receptionbased on the received reference signals.
 30. The UE of claim 29, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to transmit informationto the base station indicating that the set of antenna ports are QCL fortransmission and reception.